Chapter 6: Wave Motion

6.1 Progressive Waves

• Definition: Wave that transfers energy and momentum from one point to another without transfer of matter.
• Types:
  • Transverse: Particle displacement ⟂ direction of wave (e.g., water waves, light).
  • Longitudinal: Particle displacement ∥ direction of wave (e.g., sound waves).
• Wave velocity (v):

6.2 Mathematical Description of a Wave

6.3 Stationary Waves

• Definition: Result of superposition of two identical waves moving in opposite directions.
• Characteristics:
  • Nodes: points of zero amplitude.
  • Antinodes: points of maximum amplitude.
• Distance between adjacent nodes: λ/2
• Wave equation: Same as progressive, but with superposition:

Important Questions and Answers in Short

Q1. Define progressive wave.
👉 A wave that transfers energy and momentum without transferring matter.

Q2. Types of progressive waves?
👉 Transverse (⊥), Longitudinal (∥).

Q3. Relation between wave velocity, frequency, and wavelength?
👉 v=fλ

Q4. Write mathematical equation of a wave.
👉 y=Asin(kx−ωt)

Q5. Define stationary wave.
👉 Wave formed by superposition of two identical waves moving opposite directions.

Q6. What is a node?
👉 Point of zero amplitude in stationary wave.

Q7. What is an antinode?
👉 Point of maximum amplitude in stationary wave.

Q8. Distance between adjacent nodes/antinodes?
👉 λ/2

✅ Formula Sheet (Quick Revision)