Class 12 Physics Notes
Chapter 25: Recent Trends in Physics
25.1 Surface and Internal Waves
Surface Waves
Travel along Earthโs surface.
Types:
Rayleigh waves โ Roll like ocean waves, both vertical & horizontal motion.
Love waves โ Horizontal shear motion, faster than Rayleigh.
Internal Waves...
Class 12 Physics Notes
Chapter 24: Radioactivity and Nuclear Reaction
24.1 Alpha, Beta & Gamma Particles
ฮฑ-particle โ Helium nucleus (2p + 2n), +2 charge, heavy, low penetration (stopped by paper).
ฮฒ-particle โ Electron (ฮฒโป) or...
Class 12 Physics Notes
Chapter 23: Quantization of Energy
23.1 Bohrโs Theory of Hydrogen Atom
23.2 Spectral Series; Excitation and Ionization Potentials
23.3 Energy Level; Emission and Absorption Spectra
Energy level diagram: Negative energy values (closer...
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Class 12 Physics Notes
22. Semiconductor Devices
22.1 PโN Junction
Formed by joining p-type and n-type semiconductors.
At junction:
Electrons & holes combine โ...
Class 12 Physics Notes
Chapter 21: Protons
21.1 Quantum Nature of Radiation
Light has dual nature: wave + particle (photon).
Photon energy:
Photons explain...
Class 12 Physics Notes
Chapter 20: Electrons
20.1 Millikanโs Oil Drop Experiment
Purpose: To measure the charge of an electron (e).
Idea: Oil...
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Chapter 19: Alternating Currents
19.1 Peak and RMS Value of AC Current and Voltage
19.2 AC Through Resistor, Inductor,...
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Chapter 18: Electromagnetic Induction
18.1 Faradayโs Laws; Induced Electric Fields
18.2 Lenzโs Law, Motional emf
Lenzโs Law: The direction of...
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Chapter 17: Magnetic Properties of Materials
17.1 7.1 Magnetic Field Lines and Magnetic Flux
Magnetic field lines: Imaginary curves showing the...
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Chapter 16: Magnetic Field
16.1 Magnetic field lines & magnetic flux; Oerstedโs experiment
16.2 Force on moving charge; Force...
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Chapter 15: Thermoelectric Effect
15.1 Seebeck Effect; Thermocouples
Seebeck Effect: When two different metals are joined to form a...